Ben West

27 Ben West

  • Height:
    6-3
  • Weight:
    190
  • Bats/Throws:
    L/L
  • Year:
    So.
  • Hometown:
    Chapel Hill, N.C.
  • High School:
    Carborro
  • Position:
    Pitcher
  • Club Team:
    L/L
gp 2
avg -
hr -
rbi 0
r 0
sb -

2017:  He started in two games for the Maroons and pitched in 4.1 innings striking out five batters. In his first game that he pitched in against Penn St.-Harrisburg (2/26) he pitched in 4.0 innings striking out four opponents. In a win versus Mt. Aloysius (3/9) he pitched in 0.1 innings and struck out one batter.

2016: Did not see any action in 2016. 

High School: Lettered all four years in baseball at Carrboro High School... helped lead the Jaguars to the Conference Championship as a senior... All-Conference Honorable Mention as a senior... Honors Student.

Personal: Son of
Karen and Phil West... Health and Exercise Science Major.

 

 

 

Recent Games
May 21 vs. Salisbury L, 7-6
May 21 vs. Salisbury W, 13-5
May 26 vs. Oswego St. W, 8-7
May 27 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 11-1
May 28 vs. Concordia (Ill.) W, 10-3
May 28 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 8-1
Statistics category Overall Conf
Games 2 -
Plate appearances 0 0
At Bats 0 -
Runs 0 -
Hits 0 -
Doubles - -
Triples - -
Home Runs - -
Runs Batted In 0 -
Total bases 0 0
Walks - -
Hit by pitch - -
Strikeouts - -
Sacrifice Flies - -
Sacrifice Hits - -
Hit into double play - -
Stolen Bases - -
Caught Stealing - -
Batting Average - -
On Base Percentage - -
Slugging Percentage - -
Appearances 2 -
Games started 2 -
Wins 0 -
Losses 1 -
Saves 0 -
Complete Games - -
Shutouts - -
Innings Pitched 4.1 0.0
Hits 5 -
Runs 5 -
Earned Runs 5 -
Walks 6 -
Strikeouts 5 -
Strikeouts per Game 10.38 .00
Doubles Allowed 2 -
Triples Allowed - -
WHIP - -
Home Runs Allows 1 -
At Bats Against 17 -
Batting Average Against .294 -
Earned Run Average 10.38 0.00
Wild pitches 4 -
Hit Batters 2 -
Balks - -
Sacrifice Flies Allowed - -
Sacrifice Hits Allowed 1 -
Total Chances 0 0
Put Outs 0 -
Assists 0 -
Errors 0 -
Fielding Percentage - -
Double Plays - -
Stolen Bases Allowed 1 -
Runners Caught Stealing - -
Runners Caught Stealing Percentage - -
Passed Balls - -
Catcher's Interference - -
Date Opponent Score ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs
Feb 11 Frostburg St. W, 10-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 11 Frostburg St. W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 12 Frostburg St. L, 9-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 15 at Averett W, 13-9 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 18 at Greensboro W, 10-9 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 18 at Greensboro W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 22 Southern Virginia W, 13-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 25 William Peace W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 25 William Peace W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 26 Penn St.-Harrisburg L, 9-6 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Feb 28 Ferrum W, 9-5 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 Susquehanna W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 Susquehanna W, 8-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Clarks Summit W, 11-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Lehman L, 10-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Dean W, 12-5 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Mt. Aloysius W, 14-6 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 11 Bridgewater (Va.) L, 6-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 11 Bridgewater (Va.) L, 4-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 18 at East. Mennonite W, 15-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 18 at East. Mennonite W, 10-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 22 at Guilford W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 Shenandoah L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 Shenandoah L, 9-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 28 Emory & Henry W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 1 Hampden-Sydney L, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 1 Hampden-Sydney W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Averett W, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 5 at Lynchburg W, 14-9 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Va. Wesleyan L, 10-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Va. Wesleyan L, 9-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 Southern Virginia L, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 11 Guilford L, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 20 at Ferrum W, 9-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 at Washington and Lee L, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 at Washington and Lee W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Emory & Henry W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 26 vs. Lynchburg L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 29 Randolph-Macon W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 29 Randolph-Macon L, 8-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 5 vs. Shenandoah L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 6 vs. Hampden-Sydney W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 7 vs. Randolph-Macon W, 11-9 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 8 vs. Washington and Lee W, 9-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 8 vs. Washington and Lee W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 18 vs. Salisbury W, 15-5 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 19 vs. Emory W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 20 vs. LaGrange W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Salisbury L, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Salisbury W, 13-5 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 26 vs. Oswego St. W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 27 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 11-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 28 vs. Concordia (Ill.) W, 10-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 28 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 8-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Date Opponent Score hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Feb 11 Frostburg St. W, 10-7 - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 11 Frostburg St. W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 12 Frostburg St. L, 9-8 - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 15 at Averett W, 13-9 - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 18 at Greensboro W, 10-9 - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 18 at Greensboro W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 22 Southern Virginia W, 13-4 - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 25 William Peace W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 25 William Peace W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 26 Penn St.-Harrisburg L, 9-6 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
Feb 28 Ferrum W, 9-5 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 Susquehanna W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 Susquehanna W, 8-1 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Clarks Summit W, 11-3 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Lehman L, 10-4 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Dean W, 12-5 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Mt. Aloysius W, 14-6 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
Mar 11 Bridgewater (Va.) L, 6-3 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 11 Bridgewater (Va.) L, 4-0 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 18 at East. Mennonite W, 15-6 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 18 at East. Mennonite W, 10-6 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 22 at Guilford W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 Shenandoah L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 Shenandoah L, 9-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 28 Emory & Henry W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 1 Hampden-Sydney L, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 1 Hampden-Sydney W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Averett W, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 5 at Lynchburg W, 14-9 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Va. Wesleyan L, 10-1 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Va. Wesleyan L, 9-8 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 Southern Virginia L, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 11 Guilford L, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 20 at Ferrum W, 9-7 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 at Washington and Lee L, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 at Washington and Lee W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Emory & Henry W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 26 vs. Lynchburg L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 29 Randolph-Macon W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 29 Randolph-Macon L, 8-4 - - - - - - - - - -
May 5 vs. Shenandoah L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - -
May 6 vs. Hampden-Sydney W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - -
May 7 vs. Randolph-Macon W, 11-9 - - - - - - - - - -
May 8 vs. Washington and Lee W, 9-6 - - - - - - - - - -
May 8 vs. Washington and Lee W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - -
May 18 vs. Salisbury W, 15-5 - - - - - - - - - -
May 19 vs. Emory W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - -
May 20 vs. LaGrange W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Salisbury L, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Salisbury W, 13-5 - - - - - - - - - -
May 26 vs. Oswego St. W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - -
May 27 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 11-1 - - - - - - - - - -
May 28 vs. Concordia (Ill.) W, 10-3 - - - - - - - - - -
May 28 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 8-1 - - - - - - - - - -
Date Opponent Score gs w l sv ip h r er era whip bb k hr
Feb 11 Frostburg St. W, 10-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 11 Frostburg St. W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 12 Frostburg St. L, 9-8 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 15 at Averett W, 13-9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 18 at Greensboro W, 10-9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 18 at Greensboro W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 22 Southern Virginia W, 13-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 25 William Peace W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 25 William Peace W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 26 Penn St.-Harrisburg L, 9-6 1 0 1 0 4.0 4 1 1 2.25 - 4 4 -
Feb 28 Ferrum W, 9-5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 Susquehanna W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 Susquehanna W, 8-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Clarks Summit W, 11-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Lehman L, 10-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Dean W, 12-5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Mt. Aloysius W, 14-6 1 0 0 0 0.1 1 4 4 108.00 - 2 1 1
Mar 11 Bridgewater (Va.) L, 6-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 11 Bridgewater (Va.) L, 4-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 18 at East. Mennonite W, 15-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 18 at East. Mennonite W, 10-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 22 at Guilford W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 Shenandoah L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 Shenandoah L, 9-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 28 Emory & Henry W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 1 Hampden-Sydney L, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 1 Hampden-Sydney W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Averett W, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 5 at Lynchburg W, 14-9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Va. Wesleyan L, 10-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Va. Wesleyan L, 9-8 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 Southern Virginia L, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 11 Guilford L, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 20 at Ferrum W, 9-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 at Washington and Lee L, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 at Washington and Lee W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Emory & Henry W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 26 vs. Lynchburg L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 29 Randolph-Macon W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 29 Randolph-Macon L, 8-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 5 vs. Shenandoah L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 6 vs. Hampden-Sydney W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 7 vs. Randolph-Macon W, 11-9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 8 vs. Washington and Lee W, 9-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 8 vs. Washington and Lee W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 18 vs. Salisbury W, 15-5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 19 vs. Emory W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 20 vs. LaGrange W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Salisbury L, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Salisbury W, 13-5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 26 vs. Oswego St. W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 27 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 11-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 28 vs. Concordia (Ill.) W, 10-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
May 28 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 8-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Date Opponent Score tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
Feb 11 Frostburg St. W, 10-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 11 Frostburg St. W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 12 Frostburg St. L, 9-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 15 at Averett W, 13-9 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 18 at Greensboro W, 10-9 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 18 at Greensboro W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 22 Southern Virginia W, 13-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 25 William Peace W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 25 William Peace W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Feb 26 Penn St.-Harrisburg L, 9-6 0 0 0 0 - - 1 - - - -
Feb 28 Ferrum W, 9-5 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 Susquehanna W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 4 Susquehanna W, 8-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Clarks Summit W, 11-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Lehman L, 10-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Dean W, 12-5 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Mt. Aloysius W, 14-6 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 11 Bridgewater (Va.) L, 6-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 11 Bridgewater (Va.) L, 4-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 18 at East. Mennonite W, 15-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 18 at East. Mennonite W, 10-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 22 at Guilford W, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 Shenandoah L, 3-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 Shenandoah L, 9-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 28 Emory & Henry W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 1 Hampden-Sydney L, 3-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 1 Hampden-Sydney W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 Averett W, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 5 at Lynchburg W, 14-9 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Va. Wesleyan L, 10-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Va. Wesleyan L, 9-8 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 Southern Virginia L, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 11 Guilford L, 7-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 20 at Ferrum W, 9-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 at Washington and Lee L, 5-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 at Washington and Lee W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Emory & Henry W, 3-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 26 vs. Lynchburg L, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 29 Randolph-Macon W, 5-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 29 Randolph-Macon L, 8-4 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 5 vs. Shenandoah L, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 6 vs. Hampden-Sydney W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 7 vs. Randolph-Macon W, 11-9 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 8 vs. Washington and Lee W, 9-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 8 vs. Washington and Lee W, 4-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 18 vs. Salisbury W, 15-5 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 19 vs. Emory W, 4-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 20 vs. LaGrange W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Salisbury L, 7-6 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 21 vs. Salisbury W, 13-5 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 26 vs. Oswego St. W, 8-7 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 27 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 11-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 28 vs. Concordia (Ill.) W, 10-3 - - - - - - - - - - -
May 28 vs. Wash. & Jeff. L, 8-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
  g ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs avg obp slg
2015-16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2016-17 2 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
2017-18 14 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
2018-19 9 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
Total 25 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
  g hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
2015-16 - - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
2016-17 2 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
2017-18 14 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
2018-19 9 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
Total 25 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
  app gs w l sv cg ip h r er bb k k/9 hr era whip
2015-16 - - - - - - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
2016-17 2 2 0 1 0 - 4.1 5 5 5 6 5 10.38 1 10.38 2.54
2017-18 14 10 4 1 0 - 41.1 41 23 17 25 40 8.71 - 3.70 1.60
2018-19 9 9 1 4 0 - 26.2 27 18 10 13 21 7.09 1 3.38 1.50
Total 25 21 5 6 0 - 72.1 73 46 32 44 66 8.21 2 3.98 1.62
  g tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
2015-16 - 0 - - - - - - - - - -
2016-17 2 0 0 0 0 - - 1 - - - -
2017-18 14 9 3 5 1 .889 - 2 1 .333 - -
2018-19 9 3 0 3 0 1.000 - - 2 1.000 - -
Total 25 12 3 8 1 .917 - 3 3 .500 - -
  g ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs avg obp slg
Total 2 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
Conference - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Exhibition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
Home 1 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
Away - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Neutral 1 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
-
Wins 1 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
Losses 1 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
-
February 1 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
March 1 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - -
  g hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Total 2 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
Conference - - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
Exhibition - - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
-
Home 1 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
Away - - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
Neutral 1 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
-
Wins 1 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
Losses 1 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
-
February 1 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
March 1 - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
  app gs w l sv cg ip h r er bb k k/9 hr era whip
Total 2 2 0 1 0 - 4.1 5 5 5 6 5 10.38 1 10.38 2.54
Conference - - - - - - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Exhibition - - - - - - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
-
Home 1 1 0 1 0 - 4.0 4 1 1 4 4 9.00 - 2.25 2.00
Away - - - - - - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Neutral 1 1 0 0 0 - 0.1 1 4 4 2 1 27.00 1 108.00 9.00
-
Wins 1 1 0 0 0 - 0.1 1 4 4 2 1 27.00 1 108.00 9.00
Losses 1 1 0 1 0 - 4.0 4 1 1 4 4 9.00 - 2.25 2.00
-
February 1 1 0 1 0 - 4.0 4 1 1 4 4 9.00 - 2.25 2.00
March 1 1 0 0 0 - 0.1 1 4 4 2 1 27.00 1 108.00 9.00
  g tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
Total 2 0 0 0 0 - - 1 - - - -
Conference - 0 - - - - - - - - - -
Exhibition - 0 - - - - - - - - - -
-
Home 1 0 0 0 0 - - 1 - - - -
Away - 0 - - - - - - - - - -
Neutral 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
-
Wins 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Losses 1 0 0 0 0 - - 1 - - - -
-
February 1 0 0 0 0 - - 1 - - - -
March 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -